Connectedness is key Language learning strategies in adult second language & literacy education

Language learning strategies are known to enhance language learning. However, research has rarely included language learners with limited or no formal education, resulting in a lack of understanding of their use of language learning strategies. In Europe, this group—comprising an estimated 20–25% of people from refugee backgrounds—is required to learn the local language under civic integration policies. At the same time, many migrants recognize the necessity of language learning to achieve personal and professional goals, such as independence, employment, and social integration.
This exploratory study examined language learning strategies in adult second language and literacy education, considering learners, teachers, and classroom practice. The findings indicate that establishing meaningful connections is essential for successful language learning.