Betwixt and between role conflict, role ambiguity and role definition in project-based dual-leadership structures

Project-based organizations in the film industry usually have a dual leadership structure, based on a division of tasks between the dual leaders, the director and the producer, in which the former is predominantly responsible for the artistic and the latter for the commercial aspects of the film. These organizations also have a role hierarchically below and between the dual leaders: the 1st assistant director (1st AD). This organizational constellation is likely to lead to role conflict and role ambiguity experienced by the person occupying that particular role. Although prior studies found negative effects of role conflict and role ambiguity, this study shows they can also have beneficial effects because they create space for defining the role expansively which, in turn, can be facilitated by the dual leaders defining their own roles more narrowly. In a more general sense, this study also shows the usefulness of analyzing the antecedents and consequences of roles, role definition and role crafting in connection to the behavior of occupants of adjacent roles.