Let the beat flow: How game difficulty in virtual reality affects flow

Virtual Reality Games offer highly immersive experiences that allow users to effectively dissociate themselves from reality. VR gaming leads to a strong sense of presence and can facilitate the experience of flow among its players. The current study examines how the balance between a player's skill and the difficulty of a VR rhythm game can influence the sense of flow. An experiment was conducted among 201 university students who played the rhythm game Beat Saber in VR. Difficulty settings were adjusted to each individual player's skill, making the game either too easy, matched, or too hard. Results indicated that the match between skill and difficulty led to higher levels of flow. If the game was too hard, this caused a decrease in flow due to frustration, but too easy did not lead to the expected decrease in flow due to boredom. A stronger sense of flow while playing this VR game was also related to better performance, higher physiological arousal, and more enjoyment.