Adaptive and metabolic convergence in rhizosphere and gut microbiomes

Microbial ecosystems such as the plant rhizosphere and the human gut microbiome are crucial for the health and functionality of their hosts. Despite their differences, these ecosystems share core evolutionary principles shaped by agriculture, lifestyle, and nutrient-driven selection, demonstrating resilience to environmental pressures. We introduce the concept of the human gut, particularly the colon, as an "inside-out" version of the rhizosphere, highlighting the functional and ecological parallels between the two. This review explores these analogies, focusing on metabolites and receptors involved in host-microbiome communication. By integrating insights from both ecosystems, we aim to bridge knowledge gaps and promote interdisciplinary approaches, with the potential to address global challenges in human health and agricultural sustainability. Video Abstract.