On selection rules in two-dimensional terahertz–infrared–visible spectroscopy

Two-dimensional terahertz–infrared–visible (2D TIRV) spectroscopy directly measures the coupling between quantum high-frequency vibrations and classical low-frequency modes of molecular motion. In addition to coupling strength, the signal intensity in 2D TIRV spectroscopy can also depend on the selection rules of the excited transitions. Here, we explore the selection rules in 2D TIRV spectroscopy by studying the coupling between the high-frequency CH3 stretching and low-frequency vibrations of liquid dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Different excitation pathways are addressed using variations in laser pulse timing and different polarizations of exciting pulses and detected signals. The DMSO signals generated via different excitation pathways can be readily distinguished in the spectrum. The intensities of different excitation pathways vary unequally with changes in polarization. We explain how this difference stems from the intensities of polarized and depolarized Raman and hyper-Raman spectra of high-frequency modes. These results apply to various systems and will help design and interpret new 2D TIRV spectroscopy experiments.