How long do news framing effects last? A systematic review of longitudinal studies

A growing number of experimental studies investigate the duration of news framing effects. This article presents a systematic review of the theoretical premises, experimental designs, and individual-level moderators in these studies. Our results suggest that most studies report effects that persist beyond initial exposure and that may be influential for subsequent decision-making over time, but that durability of effects heavily depends on whether individuals are exposed to competitive frames also. We also find that little is known about duration of news framing effects on behavior and emotional responses. We propose a research agenda for future longitudinal framing studies.