The Structural Challenges of Transnationalizing the China-led BRI: The Case of Pakistan
| Authors |
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| Publication date | 09-2026 |
| Journal | Journal of Developing Societies |
| Volume | Issue number | 42 | 3 |
| Pages (from-to) | 415-463 |
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| Abstract |
This study uses a (geo-)political economic theory to explore and analyze how the China-led Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been implemented in Pakistan, mainly by the Chinese state and state-led enterprises, resulting in some socio-economic progress. It examines the implications and structural challenges of the China-led BRI in Pakistan at the domestic, geopolitical, and geo-economic levels, focusing on 2013–2023 within the broader timeframe of 2000–2023. However, the sustainable success or failure of the BRI in Pakistan depends on: (a) Pakistan’s resolution of its domestic structural crises, including political, socio-economic, and ethno-religious conflicts; and (b) favorable geopolitical developments in South Asia, where the main competitive power projections are between the United States and China.
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| Document type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Related publication | The China-led Belt and Road Initiative and Its Reflections China’s capitalist industrial development and the emergence of the Belt and Road Initiative China’s rise and the question of hegemony and world order Why Did China’s Rise Succeed and Iran’s Fail? The Political Economy of Development in China and Iran The Geopolitical Economy of the China-Led Belt and Road Initiative in the Central and West Asian Countries of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey Brazilian Perception of the China-Led Belt and Road Initiative |
| Published at |
https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X251369694
(Final published version)
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The Structural Challenges of Transnationalizing the China-led BRI
(Final published version)
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