Autism and perception of awareness in self and others: two sides of the same coin or dissociated abilities?

Graziano and Kastner propose a theoretical framework suggesting that the same cognitive machinery underlies computation and inferences concerning (the content of) awareness in others as underlies the perception of the contents of our own awareness. We draw from this hypothesis a strong prediction: Individuals who have deficiencies in one of these abilities must also be impaired in the other. We discuss evidence supporting this prediction from the literature on autism spectrum disorder, but also discuss tentative evidence for a possible dissociation between these two abilities. We conclude that these lines of evidence form crucial empirical tests of the theory.