Lyme neuroborreliosis in children

Chapter 1 introduces Lyme borreliosis (LB), also known as Lyme disease, the most common tick-borne infectious disease in the Northern Hemisphere. The disease can affect various organs, including the skin, joints, heart and nervous system. Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is the second most common manifestation in children. This thesis examines various aspects of LNB in children.
Chapter 2 discusses the clinical features of LNB in children, such as facial nerve paralysis (FNP) and meningitis. Early diagnosis via lumbar puncture is essential for timely antibiotic treatment, which significantly improves prognosis.
Chapter 3 examines the prevalence of LNB in children with acute FNP in a Lyme endemic region in the Netherlands. LNB was diagnosed in 43% of these patients, with headaches often indicative.
Chapter 4 compares LNB in children and adults. Children are more likely to exhibit FNP and meningitis, while adults are more likely to develop polyneuropathy or encephalitis. The prognosis in children is generally better and they are diagnosed faster.
Chapter 5 discusses the term “chronic Lyme ”, which includes various syndromes. It emphasizes the need for clear definitions and treatment guidelines to help patients better.
Chapter 6 shows that nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue and headache are no more common in children with Lyme antibodies or once experienced Lyme disease, which has diagnostic implications.
Chapter 7 emphasizes the importance of a lumbar puncture in LNB, because serum tests are not always reliable.
Chapter 8 shows that the long-term results of FNP by LNB are generally favorable, with minimal persistent complaints, and comparable to Bell’s palsy.
Chapter 9 reflects on the findings and underlines the importance of early diagnosis and adequate treatment in children.