Influence of mechanical and chemical degradation on surface gloss of resin composite materials

Purpose: To determine the changes in surface gloss of different composite materials after simulation of mechanical and chemical aging mechanisms.
Methods: 36 specimens were fabricated for each material and polished with 120-, 220-, 500-, 1200-, 2400- and 4000- grit SiC abrasive paper, respectively. Gloss measurements were made with a glossmeter (Novo-Curve) prior to testing procedures. Specimens of each material were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 was conditioned for 7 days at 37 degrees C in 75% ethanol aqueous solution. Group 2 was immersed in fluoride gel (Elmex Gelée) at 37 degrees C for 1 hour. Group 3 was subjected to simulated toothbrushing with an electric toothbrush while being immersed in toothpaste. Surface gloss measurements were made subsequently.
Results: Significant difference between surface gloss of the composite materials tested were detected after simulated brushing (Kruskal Wallis, P < 0.05). With the exception of Filtek Silorane, all composite materials tested were significantly affected by immersion in Elmex Gelèe (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < 0.05). Immersion in 75% alcohol aqueous solution significantly affected surface gloss except natural enamel and Durafill (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P< 0.05).