The effects of digital media and media multitasking on attention problems and sleep

Past years have seen studies examining effects of digital media on attention problems and sleep in adolescents. The majority of these studies support that using digital media is related to attention problems and lower sleep quantity, and sleep quality in adolescents. The chapter overviews studies in the field, and avenues for future research. It is still unclear whether the link between digital media, attention, and sleep is causal. Recent media effects theories suggest these relationships are complex and dynamic. To answer questions on the effects of digital media use on attention and sleep, we need more research investigating the cause-and-effect nature of the relationship (e.g., longitudinal designs, intervention studies, field studies). Future studies should use more objective measures (i.e., tracking apps/wearables). Instead of focusing on the general effects of “social media” or “smartphones” we need a better understanding of which content within these media types are problematic for which individuals.