Dental fear in children with a cleft lip and/or cleft Palate

Objective: To assess the level of dental fear in children with a cleft lip and/or palate, to compare this level with that of a normative group testing the hypothesis that children with a cleft lip and/or palate have a higher level of dental anxiety than children from the general population, and to assess the relation between dental fear and coping.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: VU Medical Centre University Amsterdam.

Patients: A total of 110 children (4 to 12 years old, 50 girls) with a cleft lip and/or palate.

Interventions: Dental fear in the study group was compared with a normative group of Dutch children.

Main Outcome Measures: Dental fear was investigated using the parental version of the dental subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule for children aged 4 and 5 years old (n  =  36). Also the Inventory of Stressful Situations was completed. Children aged 6 to 12 years old also completed the Dental Cope Questionnaire.
Results: Young children with a cleft lip and/or palate experience more dental fear compared with children in a normative control group (Children's Fear Survey Schedule dental subscale scores: 30.3 ± 14.6 compared with 24.6 ± 8.6, p < .01). A weak correlation was found between the child's dental anxiety (Children's Fear Survey Schedule dental subscale) and his or her coping behavior (Dental Coping Questionnaire) (r  =  .196 p < .05). A clear correlation exists between the total Inventory of Stressful Situations and total Children's Fear Survey Schedule scores of the youngest age group (r  =  .507 p < .01).
Conclusions: Findings support the hypothesis that dental anxiety is related to a higher level of exposure to medical interventions at a young age.