Security blurs and citizenship consequences in Indonesia

In Indonesia, the provision of security is the domain of multiple state and non-state actors who use a broad spectrum of means to implement and maintain (their versions of) security. While many of these practices have historical roots, especially non-state actors tend to incorporate new developments such as democracy and human rights into the discourse legitimizing their practices. As such, the notion of citizenship (kewarganegaraan) has become an important concept in sustaining a mixture of civil society, vigilantism and non-state violent practices. In this chapter I consider the resulting security blurs in terms of in- and exclusion, capacities of conditioning society and the resulting quality of citizenship. I find that the potential for stratifying consequences should not be ignored.