Civil Enforcement of Anti-Discrimination Legislation: Some perspectives on locus standi, evidence and remedies

This chapter focuses on European Union (EU) and national civil enforcement of anti-discrimination legislation. It first presents the legal framework on civil enforcement, both on EU and national levels. The focus is on the locus standi of discriminatees, evidence (production and means) and remedies. Subsequently, the chapter provides a diagnosis of this legal framework by identifying bottlenecks when it is applied in judicial practice. The conclusion briefly sums up the most important findings of this chapter and advances some perspectives for further research, taking into account recent developments in general private law.